系动词包括哪几类(系动词包括哪几类动词)
系动词有哪些?
5.1be动词类:am;is;are;was;were;
5.2感官动词类:look“看起来”;seem“看起来”;sound“听起来”;smell“闻起来”;taste“尝起来”;feel“摸起来,觉得,感到”;感官动词的汉语意思中带有“……起来”;
(注意和行为动词的区别:look“看,瞧”;smell“闻,嗅”;taste“尝,试吃”;feel“摸”)
5.3含有“变成,变”意思的系动词:become“变成”;turn“变成”get“变得,变成”等;
5.4含有“保持”意思的系动词:remain“保持”;stay“保持”;keep“保持”等;
(stay“待在”,keep“保留,保存”等表示其他意思,就不再是系动词了)
【知识点】为什么是主系表句而不是主谓宾句?
主语+系动词+表语
Hebecameadoctorin1988.(主系表句)
Hejoinedthehospitalin1988.(主谓宾句)
连系动词不可以带宾语,因为连系动词不是及物动词,比如我们把become(变成)带入及物动词检验结构中:
“我become(变成)它,它被我become(变成)”,意思表达不通顺,中国人都不会这样讲,所以become(变成)不是及物动词;那么adoctor不是宾语,它是什么句子成分呢?在系动词后面的名词在语法上叫“表语”,因为它说明主语的情况而使句子意思完整。表语可以是形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、名词性从句等。
6.表语有哪些种类?
表语可以是形容词、名词、代词、介词短语、名词性从句等
6.1形容词做表语
(1)Eachofusfeelalittlebittired,sowewerehappybecausewehaddoneagooddeed.
(解析:形容词tired做feel的表语,happy做were的表语,根据前后一致原则feel改为felt,根据逻辑关系so改为but,全句修改为:Eachofusfeltalittlebittired,butwewerehappybecausewehaddoneagooddeed.)
(2)Ifeeluneasilyrecently.
(解析:副词不能做表语,应改为:Ifeeluneasyrecently.)
(3)It’salwaysdifficulttocommunicate.
(解析:Tocommunicateisalwaysdifficult.表语difficult来说明主语tocommunicate的情况,使句子意思完整)
(4)Ifeltexcitedbytheamazedbeautyofnature.
(解析:excited做felt的表语,amazed“ed表示感到…的,修饰人”,amazing“ing表示令人…的,修饰物”,句子应改为:Ifeltexcitedbytheamazingbeautyofnature.)
(5)IamsoexcitingthatyouwillcometoChina.
(解析:应改为:IamsoexcitedthatyouwillcometoChina.)
(6)Iwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutabuilding.
(解析:was后面有两个表语:disappointed和abouttoleave,应改为:Iwasreallydisappointedandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutabuilding.)
(7)Theexperiencewasveryinterested.
(解析:应改为:Theexperiencewasveryinteresting.)
(8)Theassistantwasclearlyasembarrassingasmysister;forIjustthoughtitwasfunny!
(解析:应改为:Theassistantwasclearlyasembarrassedasmysister)
(9)Shewas,infact,ratherattractively.
(解析:插入语infact先忽略,Shewasratherattractively.句子中系动词was后没有表语,副词不能做表语,应改为:Shewas,infact,ratherattractive.)
(10)Theyaresilently,anditwasclearlythatthingswerenotgoingwell.
(解析:副词不能做表语,应改为:Theyaresilent,anditwasclearthatthingswerenotgoingwell.)
(11)Everyoneelseseemsveryniceandwarmlyhere.
(解析:系动词seem后面两个表语nice和warm,应改为Everyoneelseseemsveryniceandwarmhere.)
(12)MyfriendNicktoldmestoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS,whichwasveryinterested.
(解析:which指代整个句子所表达的事情,故不能用interested,应改为:MyfriendNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS,whichwasveryinteresting.)
(13)AsyouareverypopularlywithusChinesehighschoolstudents,we’dliketoinviteforyoutotheexhibition.
(解析:副词不能做表语,for去掉,应改为:AsyouareverypopularlywithusChinesehighschoolstudents,we’dliketoinviteyoutotheexhibition.)
6.2名词做表语
(1)Iamaboyinthefirstgradesofaseniorhighschool.
(解析:名词aboy做表语,grade用单数,应改为:Iamaboyinthefirstgradeofaseniorhighschool.)
(2)ThisisagoodchancetolearnChineseKongFu.
(解析:agoodchancetolearnChineseKongFu做表语,体会一下前定语good和后定语tolearnChineseKongFu,长定语一般后置)
(3)Itwasunforgettabletrip.
(解析:应改为:Itwasanunforgettabletrip.)
(4)Christinewasjustagirlinoneofmyclasses.
(5)OnedayIsawasecond-handbicycle,thatwasonlyonehundredYuans.
(解析:非限制性定语从句中连接词不能用that,人民币和日元Yuan复数不能加s,应改为:OnedayIsawasecond-handbicycle,whichwasonlyonehundredYuan.)
(6)Itwasalessontousthatitwaspossiblegivewithoutexpectanythinginreturn.
(解析:itwaspossiblegivewithoutexpectanythinginreturn.这个简单句中已有谓语动词was,其他动词就是非谓语动词:todo;doing;done,介词without后面跟动词ing,全句应改为:Itwasalessontousthatitwaspossibletogivewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.)
(7)IamsecretaryoftheCityStudentUnion(CSU).
(解析:名词secretary后面有后定语修饰表特指,应改为:IamthesecretaryoftheCityStudentUnion(CSU))
6.3介词短语做表语
(1)IwastheShanghaiRailwayStationtobuyatickettoHangzhou.
(解析:was后面都是表语,说明主语情况的,小地点前应加介词at)
(2)Therateremainedabovethepreviouslevel.
(解析:remained后面介词短语是表语)
(3)WhenIwasinhighschool,mostofmyfriendhadbicycles.
(解析:inhighschool是表语,mostof后面要跟复数,friend改为friends)
(4)Morethan1000painingwillbeonshow.
(解析:介词短语onshow是表语,根据前后一致painting改为paintings)
6.4从句做表语(表语从句)
(1)Thechancesarethatyoucanperformthetask.
(2)ThepointisthatyouhavetokeepyourpromisetohelpherwithherEnglish.
(3)Thefactisthat,withthenewguidedsystem,flyingwillbesaferthanever.
(4)TheproblemisthatIforgetherphonenumber.
(解析:这些从句都做系动词的必要,用来说明主语情况,使句子意思完整)
7.注意几个问题
7.1stay,turn,keep,feel
7.2不要看到be动词就是主系表句
Iwasplayingatmycousinhouse.
发布于:2023-07-13,除非注明,否则均为原创文章,转载请注明出处。
